Oil effect on marine communities.

The oil spill that occurred in the ocean is divided into two types, water-soluble oils and will float on the surface of the water and the oil sink and accumulate in the sediment as a black deposit on the sand and rocks on the beach. The oil floats on the surface of the water can cause the water certainly is black and will disrupt organisms residing on the surface of the waters, and it will reduce the intensity of sunlight that will be used by phytoplankton to photosynthesize and can break the food chain in the area, if it so happens, it will directly reduce the rate of primary productivity in the area due to inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis.
While the oil sink and accumulate in the sediment as a black deposit on the sand and rocks on the beach, would interfere with interstitial or organime intertidal organisms, intertidal organisms are organisms whose lives are in tidal areas, the effect is that when the oil is up to the shoreline, the organisms are susceptible to oil such as crabs, amenon, molluscs and others will experience growth retardation, even death. But in the intertidal area, although initially very severe impact such as death and loss of species, oil spill cleanup will rapidly develop naturally due to the tidal area can generally be recovered quickly as a wave of cleaning oil-contaminated areas very quickly. While at that interstitial organisms, organisms that inhabit a very narrow space between the grains of sand would be affected as well, as the oils will accumulate in the bottom waters and terendap like sand and rocks, and this will influence the behavior, reproduction, and growth and development of animals that inhabit this area as policaeta worms, rotifers, crustaceans and other organisms.