Marine pollution is an influx of material events such as particle chemical pollutants, industrial waste, agricultural waste and housing, into the sea, which can damage the marine environment. Hazardous material has a variety of effects in the waters. There are impacted directly or indirectly.
Most sources of marine pollution comes from land, either windblown, drifting or through spills. One of the causes of marine pollution is a ship that can pollute rivers and oceans in many ways. For example, through oil spills, air filter and fuel residues. Pollution from ships can pollute ports, waterways and oceans. Ships also create noise pollution that interferes with the lives of aquatic organisms, and water from ballast tanks that can affect the temperature of the water so as to disturb the comfort of the living organisms in the water.
Other marine pollutants that also adversely affect the waters are even plastic waste has become a global problem. Plastic trash discarded, and terendap floating in the ocean. Since the end of World War II, an estimated 80 percent of plastic waste accumulating in the ocean as a solid waste that disrupt marine ecosystems. The mass of plastic in the ocean is estimated that accumulate up to one hundred million metric tons. This condition is very bad influence, and very difficult to decompose by bacteria. Source of plastic waste in the ocean also derived from discarded fishing nets were intentionally left out in the bottom of the sea.
Chemical wastes that are toxic (poison) that goes into the ocean waters will cause very harmful effects. The group of chemical waste is divided into two, the first group of toxins that are likely to come in continuously like pesticides, furans, dioxins and phenols. There is also a heavy metal, a metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals are often pollute mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium.
When pesticides get into the marine ecosystem, they are immediately absorbed into marine food webs. In food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, and diseases, which can be harmful to marine animals, the whole making up the food chain, including humans. Such toxins can accumulate in the tissue types of marine organisms known as bioaccumulation. These toxins are also known to accumulate in the bottom of the muddy waters. These materials can cause mutations in the offspring of contaminated organisms and disease and mass death as happened in the case that occurred in Minamata Bay.
Other inorganic chemicals that can be harmful to marine ecosystems are nitrogen and phosphorus. The source of this waste is generally derived from agricultural fertilizers rest drifted into the waters, as well as from household waste in the form of detergent that contains phosphorus. This chemical can cause eutrophication, because these compounds are nutrients for aquatic plants such as algae and phytoplankton. The high concentration of these materials causes the growth of aquatic plants will grow and will dominate the waters, so to disturb other organisms can even be deadly.
Estuary is the region most vulnerable to eutrophication due to nutrients derived from the soil will be concentrated. These nutrients are then carried by rain water into the marine environment, and tends to accumulate in the estuary. The World Resources Institute has identified 375 hypoxic (lack of oxygen) in the coastal areas around the world. The report says these events are concentrated in coastal areas in Western Europe, East and South coast of the United States of America, and East Asia, especially in Japan. One example is the significant increase in red algae (red tide) that kill fish and marine mammals and cause respiratory problems in humans and some domestic animals. Generally occurs when the organism closer to the shore.
The oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the usual atmosphere. Because atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rise, the oceans are becoming more acidic. The potential for ocean acidification may affect the ability of corals and other shellfish to form shells or order. Marine life can be susceptible to noise or sound pollution from sources such as passing ships, oil exploration seismic surveys and naval sonar frequencies. Sound travels faster in the ocean than in the air.
Marine animals, such as whales, tend to have weak eyesight, and live in a world largely defined by acoustic information. This applies also to the many fish that live deeper in the world of darkness. It was reported that between 1950 and 1975, the ambient noise in the ocean increased by about ten decibels (has increased ten-fold). It is clear now that the source of pollution varies greatly. Not only of the things we think can only be done by large industries, but can also be caused by our daily aktiftas.
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